Three decades as Cremate Priest

People following Hindu religion believe that it is to die in a holy place following the name of god is a very religious deed they believe that to be cremated in holy ghats near holy temple will wash away their sins and they will be welcomed in heaven so in Hindu culture when people die they are brought in the banks of holy rivers to be cremated. People who are in their death bed wish to breath their last in such holy places and most people prefer to breathe their last in Pashupati the most followed good by Hindus all over the world.

People who die are brought to Pashupati Aarya ghat to be cremated and there are more than 30 people who provide their service by cremating such people, whom they had been doing for decades and among them is Gyan Prasad Acharya who has spent his three decades of his six decades of life working as a cremate priest. He said that he has experienced many good part and bitter tastes of working as a cremate priest in Aarya ghat. Acharya said that he has seen people who burn bundle of cash with the corpse and people who even don't have money to pay for the fire wood to burn the corpse of their loved ones. He said that for such needy people they have helped them financially by buying the firewood and working without the wage of cremating.

Acharya also has witnessed the abuse of the authority by the people who are in high posts. He said that there is heavy corruption in the fire wood supplied in the ghats for cremation; the authorized official and the contractor together are involved in the abuse of authority of supplying firewood.

Acharya also has some bitter experience of his relatives pointing on the work he is doing and has some admirer who admire his people. questioning about his work and the response from his relatives and the family he said that he convinces them by the logic "No work is big or small", it is not a sin to work as a cremate I am earning from my sweat and will no let you die of hunger so please don't point on my work.

Loot film review

‘म सँग बैंक लुत्ने मास्तर प्लान छ’ may be this is the most popular filmy dialogue in the mouth of most of the people now days. Loot directed by Nischal Basnet is a box office hit. And this must be the first film to earn much in short period of time in Nepali movie history. Saugat Malla( Hakku Kale) the newari ascent guy is the one within whom the story plays. The above mentioned dialogue is repeated by Saugat Malla Aka Hakku  kale while he chooses a new guy to recruit in his group to rob the bank. The story is not new, we have seen films made in that particular story in Hollywood and Bollywood but in the movie loot the presentation, dialogues, the plot of the story makes it worth watching.

The item song Udhreko Choli is also one of the attractions of the movie where Susmita Karki is as an item girl Saugat malla the leading character is a local liquor shop owner and his newari ascent adds spice in the movie and he plan a rob( Loot) and the movie is presented in time line basis using flashbacks. Karma aka Nare is a bouncer as profession and a gambler, Daya Hang Rai aka Gofle  is an un employed man and his acting is ok in the movie, Pratik aka Khatri is a drug dealer and weapon smuggler and  Sushil aka Pande is also an un employed man and a lover boy and Richa Sharma aka Aayesha is his girlfriend over all the movie is a good package.

The story has a twist at last and the scene of the movie is changed with that twist Saugat Malla at last changes the gang he makes to loot the bank and his previous gangs are nabbed by police. The movie not only with acting is superb but the direction, presentation; story has also aided to make this movie a hit.

This movie has earned a lot fans and funds compared to other Nepali movies and never we could see crowd of youth to watch Nepali movie but this movie has changed the concept and the future of Nepali movies. In one word this movie is superb.

Q.1. Discuss the significance of research in the field of mass media research with special reference to characteristics and objectives of research.

Ans: Mass media research being the part of communication research, scientifically studies the process of mass communication and its influence on individual and society.

Characteristics of Mass Media Research:

It adopts scientific method. It is systematic, objective and empirical. It is cumulative. It is build upon past investigations. Research does not stand isolated from what others have learned before. It is  replicable. Its finding should be reproducible by other investigators using same procedures.

It is logical. It applies possible tests to validate the measuring tools and the conclusion reached. Nature of mass media research is purposive. It aims at describing, interpreting, and explaining a phenomenon. It begins with a question or problem. Mass media research is critical. Can be verified. Since it relies on scientific method, the conclusion drawn through research is subjected to verification.

Objectives of mass media research:

1.      Generating new knowledge

2.      Improving standing

3.      Application testing

4.      Comparing best practice

5.      Helping with decision making.

6.      To extend knowledge

Significance of research in the field of mass media

1.      To solve unsolved problems from acquired knowledge

2.      To get intellectual joy

3.      For serving the society

4.      Writing term paper, research paper, seminar on a certain topic having not having news sense.

5.      Mass media research helps to study, research social science and journalism related science.

6.      To develop it as career

7.      Validate the findings and prove it with logic.
      Casual observation are frequently inaccurate. Science helps alleviate this error by mandating conscious observation.

2.      People frequently over-generalize on the basis of few limited observation. Scientist protects themselves against over generalization by employing large random samples & replicating studies.

3.      General people observe selectively & ignore that don’t want. But the scientific approach helps to protect against these error by applying investigation process.

4.      General people do illogical reasoning, there may be question over validity but science provide system of logic.

5.      In comparison to casual inquiry, scientific inquiry is more careful than our casual inquiry.

Authority is the trusted source. Source may be some scholar, teacher, parents, book or any one. Here question raise about credibility & validity. Here belief has been established by source. Authority for one may not be the same for others. Authority may misguide because we never question authority. Source is not verified. But science, always give opportunity to go for numbers of examination, verification, verification & experimentations. In science, question may be raised over authority. Due to this, many scholars still research on Newton’s laws & suggest further theories.

Intuition is intellect we put to understand something. Reasoning, logic, intellect, experience is used to gain knowledge in this process. Here people rely on own analytical power. Its main drawback is people may knowledgeable but may be confused. E.g. Aristotle said women to be inferior & women to have 31 teeth. He reached to this conclusion without any examination; it was based on his intellect only.

Truth rests on assumptions; lots of people believe that why it is valid; this kind of observation or gaining of knowledge is tenacity. It’s traditional, people believe from one generation to another. There is no examination, no chance of verification -just believe what is believed. Whereas scientific inquiry doesn’t believe in such beliefs, it goes from characterization to experimentation followed by hypothesis & different examinations. But science never believes on methodologies. Science begins from Characterization, Hypothesis, Prediction and finally Experimentation; so, science is considered more trustworthy method of knowing than Tenacity, Authority, and Intuition.

Q. 2. Why is Science considered more trustworthy method of knowing than Tenacity, Authority, and Intuition. Discuss.

Ans: Before theorizing Scientists use Observation, Hypothesis, and Deductions to propose explanations for natural phenomena. Experiment proves the theorization. If prediction turns out to be correct, the theories survive.

.There are four elements of scientific method: Characterization, Hypothesis, Prediction and Experimentation, and if theories pass all these four processes then only it can be said to be scientific.   

Following four process validates the scientific process

1.      Random observation method: investigation goes with the process of observation & experimentation without creating any concrete hypothesis in this method

2.      Systematic exploration:  This is improvement over first method. It is planned way to explore new relationship of various factors of phenomenon.

3.      Testing of well defined hypothesis:  Specific hypothesis is formed, and the investigation work is confined to testing the validity of the hypothesis so formed.

4.      Experiment directed to systematic theory: this is most refined method of systematic investigation. On the basis of theory certain generalization are made. Empirical observations are then made and necessary data are collected to verify if generalization are correct.

Steps in Scientific method:

1.      Formulation of problem & hypothesis

2.      Collection of information/ data

3.      Analysis of information/ data

4.      Generalization of finding

5.      Report writing

·         Ordinary Observation & Scientific observation:

1.      Casual observation are frequently inaccurate. Science helps alleviate this error by mandating conscious observation.

2.      People frequently over-generalize on the basis of few limited observation. Scientist protects themselves against over generalization by employing large random samples & replicating studies.

3.      General people observe selectively & ignore that don’t want. But the scientific approach helps to protect against these error by applying investigation process.

4.      General people do illogical reasoning, there may be question over validity but science provide system of logic.

5.      In comparison to casual inquiry, scientific inquiry is more careful than our casual inquiry.

Authority is the trusted source. Source may be some scholar, teacher, parents, book or any one. Here question raise about credibility & validity. Here belief has been established by source. Authority for one may not be the same for others. Authority may misguide because we never question authority. Source is not verified. But science, always give opportunity to go for numbers of examination, verification, verification & experimentations. In science, question may be raised over authority. Due to this, many scholars still research on Newton’s laws & suggest further theories.

Intuition is intellect we put to understand something. Reasoning, logic, intellect, experience is used to gain knowledge in this process. Here people rely on own analytical power. Its main drawback is people may knowledgeable but may be confused. E.g. Aristotle said women to be inferior & women to have 31 teeth. He reached to this conclusion without any examination; it was based on his intellect only.

Truth rests on assumptions; lots of people believe that why it is valid; this kind of observation or gaining of knowledge is tenacity. It’s traditional, people believe from one generation to another. There is no examination, no chance of verification -just believe what is believed. Whereas scientific inquiry doesn’t believe in such beliefs, it goes from characterization to experimentation followed by hypothesis & different examinations. But science never believes on methodologies. Science begins from Characterization, Hypothesis, Prediction and finally Experimentation; so, science is considered more trustworthy method of knowing than Tenacity, Authority, and Intuition.

Sanchar Mimamsa a Book Review

Being a emerging scholar of eastern communication theory Nirmala Mani Adhikary has made a major contribution to enrich the horizon of eastern perspective of communication theory. Sanchar Mimamsa is also one of the book prepared from his research. 

Sadharanikaran model is the first ever model of communication diagrammatically proposed from East. Based on Bharata Muni's Natyashastra and Bhartrihari's Vakyapadiya, Adhikary has developed and proposed a communication model that illustrates the communication process as visualized in Vedic Hinduism.

Sanchar Mimamsa majorly gives light on Sadharanikaran Model of Communication. This book includes how communication has been being done from time immemorial in eastern society. SMC has been briefed in poetic form in the book. He scrutinizes that Sahridayata- is major for a successful communication among and between the parties, Sender and receiver both where there is commonness & oneness. First 5 chapters describe SMC in poetic form which has Poetic and Aesthetic value Sahriadayas is here sender and receiver who are not only engaged in communication but also have attained a special state: Sahridayata- attaining commonness or oneness where people communicate without having any conflict. Thus, Sahridayata is attained from Sadharanikaran and SMC resides in the core concept of attaining Sahridayata.

Fig. Sadharanikaran model of communication (SMC)

The model comprises the following elements:

1. Sahridayas  (Preshaka, i.e., sender, and

Prapaka, i.e., receiver)

2. Bhava (Moods or emotions)

3. Abhivyanjana (Expression or encoding)

4. Sandesha (Message or information)

5. Sarani (Channel)

6. Rasaswadana (Firstly receiving, decoding and

          interpreting the message and finally achieving

          the rasa)

7. Doshas (Noises)

8. Sandarbha (Context)

9. Pratikriya (Process of feedback).

Sahridayata is the core concept upon which the meaning of sadharanikaran resides. There is state of common orientation, commonality otherwise oneness. Senders and receivers become (common) sahridayas with the completion of the process of Sadharanikaran. If communication is taken as a step-by-step process, which is just for the sake of easy understanding, the sahridaya-preshaka (simply, the sender), who has bhavas (moods or emotions or thoughts or ideas) in mind, is the initiator of the process. The sahridaya, sender has to pass the process of abhivyanjana for expressing those bhavas in perceivable form. It is the (receiver) sahridaya- prapaka with whom the bhavas are to be shared. People  has to pass the process of rasaswadana. The position of the sahridaya-sender and the sahridaya-receiver is not static. Two consecutive parties engage in the processes of abhivyanjana and rasaswadana. Sadharanikaran is successful when, universalization or commonness of experience is achieved. As evident from the figure, the sender inherits bhava. It is due to the bhavas that human being aims engaging in communication or sadharanikaran process. Abhivyanjana refers to the activities that a source goes to translate bhavas into a form that may be perceived by the senses. It can be understood as expression or encoding in English. Sanketa (code) is an integral part of abhivyanjana. A kind of code is a must to let the bhavas manifested.

Codes are symbols that are organized in accordance with specific rules. For example, the language is a code. The sender encodes the bhava in a code. For communication to be successful, both the sender and receiver must understand the code being used. With the completion of the process of abhivyanjana, bhavas are manifested as sandesha. It is the information that the sender wants to pass on to the receiver. Messages may be in verbal or non-verbal depending upon the encoding done by the sender. For transmission of sandesha, there needs sarani (channel or medium), which is the means through which sandesha travels across space. The message sent by the source or sender cannot reach the receiver without the channel or medium. There is no such thing as perfect communication. There are continuous forces at work, doshas or noises, which tend to distort the message and lead to miscommunication .The effectiveness of any message depends on the communication environment, Sandarva, context. Same message may have different meanings in different contexts. Pratikriya refers to the responses of the receiver after receiving the message. It is the process of feedback, which allows the receiver to have active role in the communication process. Feedback makes the communication process ongoing & the process continues in cyclic order.

Eastern literature and culture is broadly rich and these philosophies are enough to describe science, communication, management and all other subjects of Eastern society. Sanchar Mimamsa, fully dedicated on communication theory has made us understand the value of native cultures.  The book includes not only the model of SMC but also proves that eastern society is also rich in communication theory.

Status of film Industry in Nepal

Introduction:

The purpose of this term paper is to bring in front the fact of the silver screen industry of Nepal. Kollywood is the name given to this industry. Here I have tried to bind the data’s of film sector of Nepal. I am trying to show the present scenario of film industry, director’s actors producers etc. involved in this sector.

     

     What is film?

According to Wikipedia the free encyclopedia “ Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating  or indoctrinating  citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.

Films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Viewers perceive motion due to a psychological effect called beta movement. And according to answers .com movie is defined as A sequence of photographs projected onto a screen with sufficient rapidity as to create the illusion of motion and continuity.

What is film industry?

According to Wikipedia the free encyclopedia film industry can be defined as The making and showing of motion pictures where there are different sectors are involved like technology, money, people to operate the technology and the key factor the characters of the film. Film industry is a business where there is loss and profit also that is why there are billions of dollars investment in this particular field worldwide but in Nepal there is still some millions invested that is why it has hampered the quality of film. 

Brief history of film industry in Nepal

In comparison to world film industry Nepal has its history of film making young and it was in 1880’s world got its motion picture with the invention of Kinetograph* and its viewing mechanism was called Kinetoscope.The world's first movie studio, the "Black Maria" was built under Dickson's direction in 1891-92 and many short films were made there, including "Buffalo Bill's Shooting Skill"," Sioux Ghost Dance”, “Boxing Cats", "The Sneeze", and "Cripple Creek Bar-room" (1899), the first "western". But in Nepal the first film was made in the year 1965 (2022 BS). Nearly a century was taken for Nepal to make its first film and it was “AAMA” produced by His Majesty Department of Information and the director to direct this movie was late “Heera Singh”. Though the first movie was produced in 1965 the first time movie projected in Nepal was in the year 1933(1990 BS) and it was in Singha Durbar Nachghar by Kunja Shamser Rana where he screened 4 Hindi and English movies. “AAMA” was also the first black and white film where late Shiva Shankar Manandhar & Actress Bhuwan Chand acted.untill the release of Film “KUMARI” there was no film in color print and was produced by RNFC (Royal Nepal Film Corporation) in 1977(2034 BS). The first film in Nepali language was “Satya Harish Chandra” directed by DB Pariyar in history of Nepal the first documentary was made in the year 2019BS in the occasion of “late King Mahindra’s 42^nd birthday . In the year 2044 kartik Film named “SILU” of Nepal Bhasa was made under Prem production by Prem Bania and Laxmi Das Manandhar and actors were Madan Krishna Shrestha, Gopal Butane, Jay Shrestha, Haribamsa Acharya etc.and actress was Nabina shrestha.till the establishment of RNFC(Royal Nepal Film Corporation)2028BS there was no such government body working in film sector. It started its production by producing “MAN KO BANDH” and the director was Prakash Thapa in the year 2030BS. No film was able to go internationally until “SINDOOR” in the year 1980ADand was the first film in international film festival.

“MAITIGHAR” was the first film under the first private banner of Sunonanjali Films Private Limited by Dr Jogendra Jha and Gen. Nar Samser JBR and director BS Thapa with actors CP Lohani and Mala Sinha. There was no any film co produced before” KE GHAR KE DERA” under RNFC and Jay Ajima Films production Limited in 1985AD directed by Pradeep Rimal. The first film to celebrate its silver jubilee was “KUSUME RUMAL” with Tulsi Ghimire and Sumitra Poudel under the banner of Sayapatri Productions private limited. The first national film festival was organized in the year 2005AD and BANDAKI was the first film to win National Award Produced  by Doctor Singh Gurung in category of Best film on National film festival. this is the short history of film sector in Nepal. 

First time in Nepal

Category                                                    Name

First Film show in Nepal	September,1933(1990 Bhadra 1)by Kunjar Samser Rana in Singha Durbar Nachghar screened 4 Hindi and englishfilm
First film corporation	Royal Nepal Film Corporation(RNFC)November 2,1971(2028 kartik 16 BS)
Establishment of FDB	30June 2000(2057 Ashad 16 BS)
First television(Established)	Nepal Television (2041 Magh17 Bs January 30 1985)
First television (Broadcasted)	Nepal Television(2042 Poush 14 BS )
First film director	Late Heera Singh(Aama)
First Heroine(Actress)	Bhuwan Chand(Aama)
First Hero(Actor)	Late Shiva Shankar Manandhar(Aama)
First camera man	Baikuntha Man Maskey
First Sound Recordist	Sudan Karki
First film editor	Tirtha lal Shrestha
First Female Film Editor	Rakshya Singh Thakuri
First Art Director	Tirtha Serchan
Firsty still photography	Manju Kumar Shrestha
First Fight Composer	Gopal Bhutani
First song Recordist(s)	Tapanath Shukla, Pradeep Upadhya
First Recording	Pradeep Upadhya
First film producer(Private sector)	DR.Jogendra  Jha &General Nar Samser JBR(Maitighar)
First cinema hall	Kathmandu Cinema Ghar (Later Named as JanaSewa)2006 Mangsir 27 BS
First Song Recording  (on Film)	Badlindoo Aakash
First Film Shot in Great Britain	Kasturi
First Nepali film	Aama
First B/W Film	Aama
First color Film	Kumari
First Documentary Film	King Mahendra’s 42nd birthday Anniversary(2019BS)
First Nepalese Language film	Satya Harischandra
First Newari film	Silu
First film produced by RNFC	Man Ko Bandh
First film on international film festival	Sindoor(1980)
Film Produced in private banner	Maitighar (Sumonanjali films p Ltd)
First co-produced film	Ke Ghar Ke Dera(RNFC&Jay Ajima Films p Ltd)
First Silver jubilee Celebrated film	Kusume Rumal
First national film festival	National Film Festival 2005
First national award winner film	Bandaki

    

Status of film industry in Nepal

Nepalese film also had to bear a huge loss in the period of ten years of maoist insurgency the rapid growth of film industry was braked and nearly Neel during the insurgency period shooting spots were all centralized near valley areas where there was a bit security. During the starting phase of the insurgency some films which could power up the revolution of Maoists was made like “BALIDAN” and “AAGO” which were banned for the show in the halls around Nepal. But after the great peoples movement 2062/63 the case changed in the sector of Nepalese film sector also now slowly film making Is gaining its speed after peoples mass movement a new technology also has been introduced DIGITAL film making which has very broad area for most of the fields in editing, mixing, film release etc editing is a very tedious job in celluloid and is also a expensive process of film making. But in comparison to the traditional celluloid film digital process of film making is cheaper and easy to operate. The digital films produced are SANO SANSAR, KAGBENI, MERO YAUTA SATHI CHHA and remake of KUSUME RUMAL after the introduction of digital technology.

Digital technology is getting famous worldwide according to Tsering Rhither Sherpa a well known film maker and maker of film KARMA digital technology is a boon to the directors in country like Nepal where the raw materials for film making are very expensive. Directors now can experiment in their films they can take number of takes before a fine take can be chosen he says “The paperless office was a presumption that was widely believed at the beginning of the computer revolution, but that didn’t happen either. Many people say that with the emergence of digital film making will mean ‘The Death of Film ‘but it actually could be the” Birth of new art form, without being the death of an old one” (my views on directing digital film p.g103  Tsering Rhitar Sherpa) apart from these animated film are also taking market ‘The Search of Yeti’(एती को खोजी ) the yeti is created using animation software and is the first film in Nepal using this sort of technology for the first time.

Documentary films are also being made in numbers and are able to make their name in top documentary worldwide.  According to Wikipedia Documentary film is a broad category of visual expressions that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to "document" reality. Although "documentary film" originally referred to movies shot on film stock, it has subsequently expanded to include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video or made for a television series. Documentary, as it applies here, works to identify a "filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.

Television serials are also being made in order to entertain the public and in the current situation political comedy serials are common in channels now a day’s more than half a dozen channels broadcast these sorts of serials daily which entertain the general public daily.

Economic status of film in Nepal

Record shows that the investment in the film sector is very low and the outcome is only the amount which is spent in the film making process. Normally the amount spent in making a film is as average to 30 lakhs and the trend of spending the amount is still traditional. The film makers are compelled to produce only 5 or 6 celluloid’s due to its cost in production. That is why the viewers have to wait long in order to see a movie. And film halls are limited also that is why it is problem in order to show country wise and has to wait long.

Story used in film  

Still there is traditional love story used in film making process and pressure of bollywood is heavy in Nepalese film industry. Most of the film is copy paste from bollywood and now the trend of naming film is also totally from bollywood. This is hampering the quality of Nepalese film. That is why it is lacking the young generation viewers. This also has affected the profit of Nepalese film industry.

Characters

Still the characters are same who is still following the traditional film act and cannot give a proper film acting the viewers want. And the expressions are also not natural and realistic that is why the film though are made it don’t become popular as it has to be. It is considered to be a hit film if it is able to run 51 days.

Audience of Nepali film

Normally the audience of Nepali film are people who are illiterate and from rural areas. This is because they are poor and cannot afford the fee of ticket of Bollywood movies and Hollywood movies. And it is due to illiteracy that people do not view Bollywood movies and Hollywood movies. But the literate and young generation prefers Bollywood and Hollywood rather than Kollywood.

Halls used for the show  

Halls used for show are still traditional which use the celluloid technology and the seating are still the carbon fiber seats which are uncomfortable to seat during the show this also hampers film for the income they make. There are 325 celluloid halls in our country and 53 high vision halls till 2065 jestha.

Current Nepali film trend

Jana Badi Chalachitra

In the current Nepalese film industry there is the trend of making public related film “Jana Badi Chalachitra” which are directly said to have link with the general public and are said to have include the sufferings of general public. Though the foundation was laid by the directors very early there were no such movies made after government banded the show of BALIDAN and AAGO which were made during the starting time of the Maoist conflict. But after the peace process started after peoples mass movement 2062/63 then that trend again started to accelerate and there are some more movies made in this sector like Janayudha  Lalsalam etc

Apart from all these factors Nepali film has bear many ups and down and is slowly gaining the pace and in the present context nepali film also has started using the new technologies like digital, animation. Though Nepal has not developed its own 3d and 4d films there is also the facility to view it.

Worldwide Nepalese film also has maintained some reputation as a quality that is why they are also able to get nominated in Oscar film award and get reckoned in world film market, although no any awards are booked in any sector of film it is proud to have Nepalese film in world arena to compete with high budget and sophisticated technology film. The film which were nominated in Oscar are tabulated below with their description

CARAVAN

Length 104 min

Language Nepali

Nominated year 1999(72^th academy award)

Director Eric Ville

Presenter Jack Perry

Production company Gaalate films (France to cinema, back films less production (Switzerland) Antelope (UK)

Casts Thinle Lhondup, Lhakpa Tsyancho, Gargen Caap Karma Tenjing, Neema lama

MUKUNDO

Length 105 min

Language Nepali

Nominated year 2000(73^rd academy award)

Producer/director Tshering Rhitar Sherpa

Story Tshering Rhitar Sherpa Koseng Choten

Screen play Koseng Choten

Music Nyu Bajracharya

Presenter Jack Perry

Production house Mila production,NHK( Japan  broadcasting corporation)

Cast Gauri Malla, Mithila Sharma, Ratan Subedi, Nirmal Pyakurel, Rama Thapaliya

       

MUNA MADAN

Length 108 min

Language Nepali

Nominated year 2000(73^rd academy award)

Producer/director Gyanendra Deuja

Story Maha Kavi Laxmi Prasad Devkota

Screen play Ravi Ariyal

Presenter Navaraj Dhakal

Production house NBA movies, Nepal

Cast Deepak Tripathi, Usha Paudel, Suvedra Adhikary

     

BASAI

Length 109 min

Language Nepali

Nominated year 2006(79^th academy award)

Producer/director Suvas Gajurel

Story/dialogue Lil Bahadur Chhetri

Screen plays Nayan Raj Pande

Music Nyu Bajracharya

Presenter Sudhir Paudel

Production house Makalu films

Cast Ganesh Upreti, Mithila Sharma, Mukunda Shrestha, Uttam Pradhan, Ranju Lamichhane, Mukunda Bastakoti, Ganesh Neupane, Bhim Bahadur Thapa

Though Nepalese films are made inside our country nowadays they use to made outside our country by NRN Living in India and they are tabulated below

S N	Movies	Production Year	Director	Country
1	Satya Harish Chandra	2007	DB Pariyar	India
2	Paral Ko Aago	2034	Pratap Subba	India
3	Basuri	2037	Tulsi Ghimire	India
4	Bachne Chahaneharu	2038	Pratap Subba	India
5	Jhoda	2040	Barun Kabashi	India
6	Samjhana	2041	Sambhu Pradhan	India
7	Kahi Ujalyo Kahi Aadharyo	2041	Pratap Subba	India
8	Masal	2041	Pratap Subba	India
9	Lauhre	2044	Tulsi Ghimire	India
10	Jar	2035	Bail San	India
11	Aarko Janma	2041	Anjan Das	India
12	Bhool	2051	Shyam Pradhan	India
13	EstaMitra	2057	Hari Siwakoti	America

Nepali Films made away from Nepal        Source Film development board

Till 2065 there has been issued 794 and 424 license has been issued for making celluloid and video movie respectively and they are tabulated below with yearly population.

SN	Fiscal Year	Celluloid Film	Video Film
1	From first to 050	151	114
2	050/051	24	19
3	051/052	29	11
4	052/053	26	12
5	053/054	27	6
6	054/055	45	6
7	055/056	59	1
8	056/057	69	0
9	057/058	59	2
10	058/059	59	6
11	059/060	48	4
12	060/061	25	12
13	061/062	28	28
14	062/063	39	48
15	063/064	61	84
16	064/065	45	71
Total		794	424

Source Film development board

There are also film made with joint investment of Nepalese and non Nepalese and they are as follows

SN	Movies	Production year	Joint investors country
1	Jivan Jyoti	2041	Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh
2	Hami 1 Hau	2042	Nepal, Pakistan
3	Mamata	2043	Nepal, Pakistan
4	Prayaschit	2043	Nepal, Pakistan
5	Insaf	2043	Nepal, Pakistan
6	Abhiyan	2043	Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Srilanka
7	Mala	2043	Nepal, Bangladesh
8	Panchawoti	2044	Nepal India
9	Peepaldaada	2038	Nepal, Japan
10	Dharti ra Aakash	2043	Nepal, Pakistan
11	Tiger	2043	Nepal, Pakistan
12	Sahas	2044	Nepal, Pakistan
13	Sanyog	2045	Nepal, Pakistan
14	Pratisodh	2045	Nepal, Pakistan
15	Majbut	2045	Nepal, Pakistan

Source Film development board Nepal

Most of the Nepalese films are made using our literary creations and they are as follows

Literary books	Writer	Film name	Director
Kumara Shova	Bijay Malla	Kumari	Prem Basnet
Parivartan	Janardan Sama	Paribartan	Heera Singh
Paral ko aago	Guru Prasad Mainali	Paral ko aago	Pratap Subba
Aarko janma	Prakash Kobid	Aarko janma	Anjan Das
Nagad narayan	Bashu sashi	Lobhi papi	Yadav kharel
Jhuma	Hiranya Bhojpure	Jhuma	Pradeep Upadhya
Aantya dekhi suru	Kesabraj Pidali	Jibanrekha	Prakash thapa
Sindur	Daulatbikram Bista	Sindur	Prakash Thapa
Prempinda	Balkrishna Sama	Prempinda	Yadav Kharel
Balidan	Modanath Prasit	Balidan	Tulsi Ghimire
Sriswosthani puran		Sriswosthani	Yadav Kharel
Basanti	Diamond Shamser	Basanti	Nir Shah
Muna madan	Laxmi Prasad Devkota	Munamadan	Gyanendra Deuja
Bashai	LilBahadur Chhetri	Bashai	Suvas Gajurel
Gauthali	DR bhola Rijal	Gauthali	Basanta Shrestha
Aabiral bagdacha indrabati	Ramesh Bikal	Aabiral bagdacha indrabati	Badri Adhikari
Katel sir ko chotpataka	DhurbaChandra Gautam	Basudev	Nir Shah

Source Film Development Board

Conclusion

Film industry is the better platform to express and show the talent of and individual and a good medium to show country like ours which has beautiful geographical shapes and sizes. It is also a good medium of revenue to the government. Government should take effective efforts in order to make our film industry prosperous and wealthy. Government should provide subsidy in bringing new technology and should have to make effective mechanism to control the film sectors.